The Museo houses an important collection of traditional, popular attire from all over Spain, consisting of over 5000 pieces. Almost all its pieces date from the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries.
Though it began with the pieces brought together for the Regional and Historical Costume Exhibition in 1925, the collection has grown significantly since then, as an essential complement of the ethnography series included in the collection of the Museo del Pueblo Español.